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-sd-animation: sd-fadeIn; –sd-duration: 250ms; –sd-easing: ease-in;

CSS custom properties like –sd-animation, –sd-duration, and –sd-easing are useful tools for creating consistent, maintainable animation systems across a site or component library. This article explains what these variables represent, how to use them together, and offers practical examples and best practices.

What these properties mean

  • –sd-animation: A custom property naming the animation or animation preset to apply (e.g., sd-fadeIn). Using a semantic name lets you swap animations easily without changing multiple rule sets.
  • –sd-duration: The duration of the animation. Express using CSS time units (e.g., 250ms, 0.25s).
  • –sd-easing: The timing function controlling acceleration (e.g., ease-in, linear, cubic-bezier(…)).

Why use custom properties for animation

  • Consistency: Centralize timing and easing values for uniform motion across UI.
  • Theming: Allow different themes or contexts to override animation behavior.
  • Maintainability: Change a single variable to update many components.
  • Reactivity: Easily toggle or animate via inline styles, JavaScript, or Web Components.

Basic usage

Define defaults in a root scope:

css
:root {–sd-animation: sd-fadeIn;  –sd-duration: 250ms;  –sd-easing: ease-in;}

Use them in component rules:

css
.my-element {  animation-name: var(–sd-animation);  animation-duration: var(–sd-duration);  animation-timing-function: var(–sd-easing);  animation-fill-mode: both;}

Define the referenced animation:

css
@keyframes sd-fadeIn {  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(6px); }  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }}

Variants and overrides

Create context-specific overrides:

css
.theme-reduced-motion {  –sd-duration: 0ms;}
.modal {  –sd-duration: 400ms;  –sd-easing: cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1);  –sd-animation: sd-slideUp;}

Accessibility: prefers-reduced-motion

Respect user preferences:

css
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {  :root { –sd-duration: 0ms; }}

JavaScript control

Toggle or animate dynamically:

js
const el = document.querySelector(’.my-element’);el.style.setProperty(’–sd-duration’, ‘500ms’);el.classList.add(‘is-visible’); // triggers animation

Best practices

  • Use semantic names (sd-fadeIn, sd-slideUp) rather than implementation details.
  • Keep durations short for UI micro-interactions (100–300ms) and longer for significant transitions (300–500ms).
  • Use easing functions that match the motion intent (ease-out for exit, ease-in for entrance).
  • Respect reduced-motion preferences.
  • Test cross-browser; provide fallbacks for older browsers.

Conclusion

Using custom properties like –sd-animation, –sd-duration, and –sd-easing creates flexible, themeable animation systems that are easier to maintain and adapt. With sensible defaults, accessibility considerations, and clear naming, you can build consistent motion across your UI.

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